Which options are available for addressing outliers in a data set?

Addressing outliers in a data set is a critical step in statistical analysis, as they can significantly influence the results and interpretations. The correct approach includes acknowledging their presence and understanding their impact on the analysis.

Including the observation and commenting on its effects is a valid strategy because it allows analysts to retain important information while also providing insights into how the outlier affects the overall data set. By documenting the presence of the outlier, analysts can investigate further and determine whether it represents a genuine observation or a data entry error. This method emphasizes transparency and thoroughness in the analysis, enriching the understanding of the data's behavior and potential anomalies.

In contrast, simply excluding outliers without consideration may discard useful information, while modifying outliers without proper documentation undermines the integrity of the analysis. Thus, maintaining outliers in the data and analyzing their influence offers a more robust understanding of the dataset and its characteristics.